Journal Articles, Books, Conference Papers and Others

2020

• T.G. Kreutz, E.D. Larson, C. Elsido, E. Martelli, C. Greig, and R.H. Williams, “Techno-economic prospects for producing Fischer-Tropsch jet fuel and electricity from lignite and woody biomass with CO₂ capture for EOR,” Applied Energy, 279: 115841, 2020.
• Larson, E.D., Kreutz, T.G., Greig, C., Williams, R.H., Rooney, T., Gray, E., Elsido, C., Martelli, E. and Meerman, J.C., “Design and analysis of a low-carbon lignite/biomass-to-jet fuel demonstration project,” Applied Energy, 260: 114209, 2020.

2019

• Daraeepour, A., D. Patino-Echeverri, and A. J. Conejo, “Economic and environmental implications of different approaches to hedge against wind production uncertainty in two-settlement electricity markets: A PJM case study,” Energy Economics 80: 336-354, 1 May 2019.
• C. Elsido, E. Martelli, and T. Kreutz, “Heat integration and heat recovery steam cycle optimization for a low-carbon lignite/biomass-to-jet fuel demonstration project,” Applied Energy, 239: 1322-1342, 1 April 2019.
• E.N. Mayfield, J.L. Cohon, N.Z. Muller, I.M.L. Azevedo, and A.L. Robinson, “Quantifying the social equity state of an energy system: environmental and labor market equity of the shale gas boom in Appalachia,” Environmental Research Letters, 14: 124072, 2019.
• E.N. Mayfield, J.L. Cohon, N.Z. Muller, I.M.L. Azevedo, and A.L. Robinson, “Cumulative environmental and employment impacts of the shale gas boom,” Nature Sustainability, 2: 1122–1131, 2019.
• K. Paustian, E. Larson, J. Kent, E. Marx, and A. Swan, “Soil C Sequestration as a Biological Negative Emission Strategy,” Frontiers in Climate, 16 October 2019.

2018

• E.D. Larson and M. Chen, “Analysis of Contact-Voltage Losses in Low-Voltage Electricity Distribution Systems of the U.K.” prepared for UK Power Networks, 30 January 2018.
• E. Larson, R.H. Williams, D. Tilman, and C. Lehman, “Sustainable Transportation Energy with Net Negative Greenhouse Gas Emissions: an Integrated Ecological and Engineering Systems Analysis,” final report to Stanford University Global Carbon and Energy Project, 17 December 2018.

2017

• K. Paustian, E. Larson, A. Swan, E. Marx, J. Kent, and N. Zenes, “Carbon Farming – A Working Paper Assessing the Potential for Soil C Sequestration,” July 23, 2017.
• C. Greig, T.G. Kreutz, E.D. Larson, J.C. Meerman, R.H. Williams, “Lignite-plus-Biomass to Synthetic Jet Fuel with CO2 Capture and Storage: Design, Cost, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis for a Near-Term First-of-a-Kind Demonstration Project and Prospective Future Commercial Plants,” Final report to The National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, 1 September 2017.
• T. Kreutz, E. Larson, R. Williams, “Understanding Challenges with Intermittent Renewable Electricity Expansion,” 2016 Annual Report, Carbon Mitigation Initiative, Princeton University, 2017.
• J.C. Meerman and E.D. Larson, “Negative-carbon drop-in transport fuels produced via catalytic hydropyrolysis of woody biomass with CO2 capture and storage,” Sustainable Energy and Fuels, 1: 866-881, 2017.

2016

• Andlinger Center Energy Systems Analysis Group (E. Larson, PI) and University of Queensland Energy Initiative (C. Greig, PI), “Design/Cost Study and Commercialization Analysis for Synthetic Jet Fuel Production at a Mississippi site from Lignite and Woody Biomass with CO₂ Capture and Storage via EOR, Milestone 3 Report:  Summary of the Final Process Design,” under U.S. DOE grant DE-FE0023697, 15 January 2016.
• E.D. Larson (PI), D. Tilman, C. Lehman, and R.H. Williams, “Sustainable Transportation Energy with Net Negative Greenhouse Gas Emissions: an integrated ecological and engineering systems analysis,” progress report to Stanford University Global Climate and Energy Project, from the Energy Systems Analysis Group (Princeton) and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior (U Minnesota), 9 May 2016.
• E. Larson, T. Kreutz, R. Williams, H. Meerman, and C. Greig, “Design/Cost Study and Commercialization Analysis for Synthetic Jet Fuel Production at a Mississippi site from Lignite and Woody Biomass with CO₂ Capture and Storage via EOR, Milestone 4 Report:  Summary of Financial Analysis for FOAK LBJ Plant and Prospective NOAK Commercial Plants,” under U.S. DOE grant DE-FE0023697, 2 August 2016.
• Williams, Robert H., “Toward a ‘Marriage of CCS and IRE Technologies’ in the Quest to Firm Up Intermittent Renewable Electricity with Bulk Balancing Capacity” (A White Paper), review draft, 18 November 2016.
• A.K. Hailey, J.C. Meerman, E.D. Larson, and Y.-L. Loo, “Low-carbon ‘drop-in replacement’ transportation fuels from non-food biomass and natural gas,”Applied Energy, 183: 1722-1730, 1 December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.09.068.
• Williams, Robert H., “The Strategic Importance and Development Status of Porous Media CAES Technology,” [an addendum to the ‘Bulk Storage Capacity Is Key to Enabling High IRE Grid Penetration’ section of Williams (2016a)], review draft, 5 December 2016.

2015

• M. Spinelli, S. Campanari, M.C. Romano, S. Consonni, T.G. Kreutz, H. Ghezel-Ayagh, S. Jolly, M. Di Nitto, “Using Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells for Clean Power Generation and CO2 Capture Retrofitting Coal Power Plants And Combined Cycles”, Proceedings of the ASME 2015 Power and Energy Conversion Conference (PowerEnergy2015), June 28-July 2, 2015, San Diego, California.
• G. Liu, E.D. Larson, R.H. Williams, and X. Guo, “Gasoline from Coal and/or Biomass with CO₂ Capture and Storage, 1. Process Designs and Performance Analysis,” Energy and Fuels, February 2015. (DOI: 10.1021/ef502667d)
• G. Liu, E.D. Larson, R.H. Williams, and X. Guo, “Gasoline from Coal and/or Biomass with CO₂ Capture and Storage, 2. Economic Analysis and Strategic Context,” Energy and Fuels, February 2015. (DOI: 10.1021/ef502668n)

2014

• R.H. Williams and Zheng Li, 2014: “Toward Getting the Global CCS Enterprise Back on Track,” a paper prepared in support of Tackling the Challenge of Climate Change: A Near-Term Actionable Mitigation Agenda, a report commissioned by the Republic of Nauru (Chair of the Alliance of Small Island States) and presented at the UN Climate Summit, New York, 23 September 2014. Available at www.aosis.org.
• G. Liu and E.D. Larson, “Comparison of Coal/Biomass Co-processing Systems with CCS for Production of Low-carbon Synthetic Fuels: Methanol-to-Gasoline and Fischer-Tropsch,” Energy Procedia, 63: 7315-7329, 2014.
• G. Liu and E.D. Larson, “Gasoline from Coal via DME with Electricity Co-production and CO₂ Capture,” Energy Procedia, 63: 7367-7378, 2014.
• R.H. Williams, “Capture technology cost buydown in CO2 EOR market applications under an Alternative Energy Portfolio Standard,” Energy Procedia, 63: 7913-7928, 2014.
• A. Lanzini, T.G. Kreutz, E. Martelli and M. Santarelli, “Energy and Economic Performance of Novel Integrated Gasifier Fuel Cell Cycles with Carbon Capture,”the International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 26: 169–184, July 2014.
• A. Lanzini, T.G. Kreutz, E. Martelli and M. Santarelli, “Energy and Economic Performance of Novel Integrated Gasifier Fuel Cell Cycles with Carbon Capture,” the International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 26: 169–184, July 2014.

2013

• R.H. Williams, “Toward Market Launch of Coal/Biomass Coproduction Technologies with CCS,” Cornerstone, 1(2): 55-60, 2013 (World Coal Association).
• R.H. Williams, “Coal/Biomass Coprocessing Strategy to Enable a Thriving Coal Industry in a Carbon-Constrained World,”Cornerstone, 1(1): 51-59, 2013 (World Coal Association).
• P. Chiesa, M.C. Romano and T.G. Kreutz, “Use of Membranes in Systems for Electric Energy and Hydrogen Production from Fossil Fuels,” in Handbook of Membrane Reactors, Volume 2: Reactor Types and Industrial Applications, Angelo Basile, ed., Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Philadelphia, PA, 2013.
• E.D. Larson and A. Kenward, “Natural Gas and Climate Change,” Climate Central, Princeton, NJ, May 2013.
• E. Martelli, T.G. Kreutz, M. Gatti, P. Chiesa and S. Consonni, “Numerical Optimization of Steam Cycles and Steam Generators Designs for Coal to FT Plants,” Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 91(8): 1467–1482, 2013.
• T.G. Kreutz and R. Socolow, “Prospective Economics of CO₂ Capture and Activation to Transportation Fuels,” the 12th Annual Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, 13-16 May 2013.
• C. Arnold, G. Davies, T. Kreutz, W. Powell, M. Schwartz, R. Socolow, and D. Steingart, “Grid–Scale Energy Storage for Burgeoning Renewable Energy: Challenges and Opportunities,” Energy Technology Distillate, Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, December 2013.
• R.H. Williams,” “Carbon mitigation and economics for energy conversion when CO₂ is stored via enhanced oil recovery,” Energy Procedia (11^th International Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies Conference), 37: 6867–6876, 2013.

2012

• Lanzini, A., T.G. Kreutz and E. Martelli. (2012). Techno-Economic Analysis of Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell Power Plants Capturing CO2. GT2012-69579, ASME Turbo Expo 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• Martelli, E., T.G. Kreutz, M. Gatti, P. Chiesa and S. Consonni. (2012). Design Criteria and Optimization of Heat Recovery Steam Cycles for High-Efficiency, Coal-Fired, Fischer-Tropsch Plants. GT2012-69661, ASME Turbo Expo 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• Larson, E.D. and Z. Li (Co-Convening Lead Authors), R.H. Williams (Lead Author), and T. Fleisch, G. Liu, G. Nicolaides, X. Ren, “Fossil Energy Systems,” Chapter 12 of The Global Energy Assessment, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2012.

2011

• Martelli, E., T. Kreutz, M. Carbo, S. Consonni, D. Jansen. (2011). Shell coal IGCCS with carbon capture: Conventional gas quench vs. innovative configurations. Applied Energy, 88(11): 3978-3989.
• Guo, X., G. Liu, and E.D. Larson. (2011). High octane gasoline production by upgrading low-temperature Fischer-Tropsch syncrude. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 50(16): 9743-9747.
• Williams, R.H., G. Liu, T.G Kreutz, and E.D. Larson. (2011). Coal and Biomass to Fuels and Power. Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 2(1): 529-553.
• Liu, G., R. H. Williams, E.D. Larson and T.G. Kreutz. (2011). Design/economics of low-carbon power generation from natural gas and biomass with synthetic fuels co-production. Energy Procedia; 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, 4(0): 1989-1996.
• Williams, R.H., G. Liu, T.G. Kreutz and E.D. Larson. (2011). Alternatives for decarbonizing existing USA coal power plant sites. Energy Procedia: 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, 4(0): 1843-1850.
• Kreutz, T. (2011). Prospects for producing low carbon transportation fuels from captured CO2 in a climate constrained world. Energy Procedia: 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, 4(0): 2121-2128.
• Liu, G., E.D. Larson, R.H. Williams, T.G. Kreutz, X. Guo. (2011). Making Fischer−Tropsch Fuels and Electricity from Coal and Biomass: Performance and Cost Analysis. Energy & Fuels 25(1): 415-437.
• Online Supporting Material for Making Fischer-Tropsch Fuels and Electricity from Coal and Biomass: Performance and Cost Analysis. 
• Williams, R.H., G. Liu, E.D. Larson, and T.G. Kreutz. (2011). Low-C power from fossil fuel and biomass with synthetic fuels coproduction. Paper prepared for ACS Fuel Division Symposium on Fuels, Chemicals, Materials, and Energy from Biomass, Coal, and Natural Resources, Anaheim California, 27-31 March.

2010

• Zheng, Z., E.D. Larson, Z. Li, G. Liu, and R.H. Williams. (2010). Near-term mega-scale CO2 capture and storage demonstration opportunities in China. Energy & Environmental Science 3(9): 1153-1169.
• Kreutz, T.G., E. Martelli, M. Carbo, S. Consonni S. and D. Jansen. (2010). Shell Gasifier-Based Coal IGCC with CO2 Capture and Storage: Partial Water Quench vs. Novel Water-Gas Shift. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2010, Glasgow, UK.
• Larson, E.D., G. Fiorese, G. Liu, R.H. Williams, T.G. Kreutz and S. Consonni. (2010). Co-production of decarbonized synfuels and electricity from coal + biomass with CO2 capture and storage: an Illinois case study. Energy & Environmental Science 3(1): 28-42.
• Larson, E.D., G. Fiorese, G. Liu, R.H. Williams, T.G. Kreutz, S. Consonni. (2010). Co-production of synfuels and electricity from coal + biomass with zero net carbon emissions: An Illinois case study. Energy Procedia: 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, 1(1): 4371-4378.

2009

• Consonni S., R.E. Katofsky, and E.D. Larson. (2009). A Gasification-Based Biorefinery for the Pulp and Paper Industry. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 87(9): 1293–1317.
• Dryer, F., Princeton Next Generation Jet Fuels Project (NGJFP) commentary, BBC News.
• Tilman, D., R. Socolow, J. Foley, J. Hill, E.D. Larson, L. Lynd, S. Pacala, J. Reilly, T. Searchinger, C. Somerville, and R.H. Williams. (2009). Beneficial Biofuels—The Food, Energy, and Environment Trilemma. Science 325(5938): 270-271.
• Six letters commenting on “Beneficial Biofuels…” and authors’ response. (Science Magazine, 4 December 2009).
• Jin, H., E.D. Larson, and F.E. Celik. (2009). Performance and cost analysis of future, commercially mature gasification-based electric power generation from switchgrass. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 3(2): 142-173.
• Laser, M., E. Larson, B. Dale, M. Wang, N. Greene, and L.R. Lynd. (2009). Comparative analysis of efficiency, environmental impact, and process economics for mature biomass refining scenarios. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 3(2): 247-270.
• Lynd, L.R., E. Larson, N. Greene, M. Laser, J. Sheehan, B.E. Dale. S. McLaughlin, M. Wang. (2009). The role of biomass in America’s energy future: framing the analysis. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 3(2): 113-123.
• Williams, R.H., E.D. Larson, G. Liu, and TG.Kreutz. (2009). Fischer–Tropsch fuels from coal and biomass: Strategic advantages of once-through (“polygeneration”) configurations. Energy Procedia: 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, 1(1): 4379-4386.
• Larson, E.D., H. Jin, and F.E. Celik. (2009). Large-scale gasification-based coproduction of fuels and electricity from switchgrass. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 3(2): 174-194.
• SUPPORTING INFORMATION  to Large-Scale Gasification Based Co-Production of Fuels and Electricity from Swtichgrass
• Larson E.D., S. Consonni, R. E. Katofsky, K. Iisa and J. Frederick. (2009). An assessment of gasification-based biorefining at kraft pulp and paper mills in United States, Part B: Results. TAPPI JOURNAL.
• Panel on Alternative Liquid Transportation Fuels, Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass: Technological Costs, Status, and Environmental Impacts, National Academies Press, Washington DC, 20 May 2009. (Though not authors, Kreutz, Larson, Liu, and Williams provided extensive inputs to the Panel members who prepared this report. The report is one of three panel reports backing up the major National Research Council Study, America’s Energy Future: Technology and Transformation, the summary of which was published in June 2009). The estimated energy and carbon balances, capital costs, and synfuel production costs for synthetic fuels derived from coal, biomass, and coal + biomass published in both the report of the Alternative Liquid Transportation Fuels report and the America’s Energy Future study are the values provided to the NRC by the Princeton ESAG.
• Carbo, M., T.G. Kreutz, R.H. Williams, R.W. van den Brink, D. Jansen, R.H. Socolow, and A.H.M. Verkooijen. (2009). CO₂ slurries for transport and pressurization of low rank coals in IGCC power plants with CCS, Poster presentation. Proceedings of the 8th Annual DOE/NETL Conference on Carbon Capture and Sequestration, Pittsburgh, PA, 4-7 May.
• Williams, R.H. (2009). A CCS early action initiative to spur realization at low cost of multiple low-carbon and energy security benefits at existing coal power plant sites. Poster presentation. Proceedings of the 8th Annual DOE/NETL Conference on Carbon Capture and Sequestration, Pittsburgh, PA, May 4-7, 2009.

2008

• Larson E.D., S. Consonni, R. E. Katofsky, K. Iisa and J. Frederick. (2008). An assessment of gasification-based biorefining at kraft pulp and paper mills in United States, Part A: Background and assumptions. TAPPI JOURNAL.
• Kreutz T.G., E.D. Larson, G. Liu G., R.H. Williams. (2008). Fischer-Tropsch Fuels from Coal and Biomass. 25th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Pittsburgh, PA.
• R. Williams, E. Larson, G. Liu, and T. Kreutz. (2008). Fischer-Tropsch Fuels from Coal and Biomass: Strategic Advantages of Once-Through (‘Polygeneration’) Configurations, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Washington, DC, 16-20 November.
• Martelli, E., T. Kreutz, and S. Consonni. (2009). Comparison of coal IGCC with and without CO2 capture and storage: Shell gasification with standard vs. partial water quench. Energy Procedia: 9th International Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies Conference, 1(1): 607-614.
• Lorenzo, L.D., T.G. Kreutz, P. Chiesa, R.H. Williams. (2008). Carbon-Free Hydrogen and Electricity From Coal: Options for Syngas Cooling in Systems Using a Hydrogen Separation Membrane Reactor. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 130(3): 031401.
• Succar S., R.H. Williams. (2008). Compressed Air Energy Storage: Theory, Resources, and Applications for Wind Power. Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University.
• Larson, E. (2008). Biofuel production technologies: status, prospects and implications for trade and development. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva.

2007

• Larson E.D., S. Consonni, R.E. Katofsky, K. Iisa, and J. Frederick. (2007). Gasification-Based Biorefining at Kraft Pulp and Paper Mills in the United States. Preprint for the 2007 International Chemical Recovery Conference, Quebec City, Canada.
• Lu, G.Q., J.C. Diniz da Costa, M. Duke, S. Giessler, R.H. Socolow, R.H. Williams, T.G. Kreutz. (2007). Inorganic membranes for hydrogen production and purification: A critical review and perspective. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 314(2): 589-603.

2006

• Larson, E.D., R.H. Williams, H. Jin. (2006). Fuels and electricity from biomass with CO2 capture and storage. 8th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Trondheim, Norway.
• R.H. Williams, E.D. Larson, and H. Jin. (2006). Synthetic fuels in a world with high oil and carbon prices. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Trondheim, Norway, 19-22 June.
• S. Succar, D. Denkenberger, J. B. Greenblatt, and R. H. Williams. (2006). An integrated optimization of large-scale wind with variable rating coupled to compressed air energy storage. Proceedings of AWEA Windpower 2006, Pittsburgh, PA.
• Larson, E.D. (2006). A review of life-cycle analysis studies on liquid biofuel systems for the transport sector. Energy for Sustainable Development 10(2): 109-126.
• Larson, E.D., S. Consonni, R. Katofsky, K. Iisa, and D. Frederick. (2006). A Cost-Benefit Assessment of Gasification-Based Biorefining in the Kraft Pulp and Paper Industry. Final Report (4 Volumes) – Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3, Volume 4, Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University.
• Tribute to Amulya Reddy 1930-2006. (2006). Energy for Sustainable Development, Volume 10(2).
• S. Succar, J.B. Greenblatt, and R.H. Williams. (2006). Comparing coal IGCC with CCS and wind-CAES baseload power options in a carbon-constrained world. Proceedings of the 5th Annual Conference on Carbon Capture and Sequestration-DOE/NETL, Alexandria, Virginia, 8-11 May.

2005

• Chiesa, P., S. Consonni, T.G. Kreutz and R.H. Williams. (2005). Co-production of hydrogen, electricity and CO2 from coal with commercially ready technology. Part A: Performance and emissions. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 30(7): 747-767.
• Kreutz, T., R.H. Williams, S. Consonni and P. Chiesa. (2005). Co-production of hydrogen, electricity and CO2 from coal with commercially ready technology. Part B: Economic analysis. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 30(7): 769-784.
• Larson, E.D. , H. Jin,  F. Celik. (2005). Gasification-Based Fuels and Electricity Production from Biomass, without and with Carbon Capture and Storage, Biofuels.
• K. Thambimuthu, M. Soltanieh, and J.C. Abanades (coordinating lead authors) and R. Allam, O. Boland, J. Davison, P. Feron, F. Goede, A. Herrera, M. Iijima, D. Jansen, I. Leites, P. Mathieu, E. Rubin, D. Simbeck, K. Warmuzinski, M. Wilkinson, and R.H. Williams. (2005). Capture of CO₂, Chapter 3 in Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage, a Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 431 pages.
• J. Gale (coordinating lead author) and J. Bradshaw, Z. Chen, A. Garg, D. Gomez, H.-H. Rogner, D. Simbeck, and R.H. Williams (lead authors). (2005). Sources of CO₂, Chapter 2 in Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage, a Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 431 pages.

2004

• Celik, F., E.D. Larson, and  R.H. Williams. (2004). Transportation fuel from coal with low CO2 emissions. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Vancouver, Canada.
• Larson, E.D. and H. Yang. (2004). Dimethyl ether (DME) from coal as a household cooking fuel in China. Energy for Sustainable Development 8(3): 115-126.
• Goldemberg, J., T.B. Johansson,  K.N. Amulya Reddy, R.H. Williams. (2004). A global clean cooking fuel initiative. Energy for Sustainable Development, 8 (3). pp. 5-12.
• Kreutz, T.G, and R.H. Williams. (2004). Competition between coal and natural gas in producing H₂ and electricity under CO₂ emission constraints. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Vacouver, Canada.
• Goldemberg, J., and T.B. Johansson, eds. (2004). World Energy Assessment: Overview, 2004 Update [with contributions from 21 authors, including Williams], United Nations Development Programme, New York, 85 pages. The WEA is a project of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and the World Energy Council.
• De Lorenzo, L., T. Kreutz, P. Chiesa, and R. H. Williams. (2004). Carbon-free hydrogen and electricity from coal: options for syngas cooling in systems using a hydrogen separation membrane reactor, Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference on Carbon Sequestration, Alexandria, VA, May 3-6.

2003

• Larson, E.D., S. Consonni, R.E. Katofsky. (2003). A Cost-Benefit Assessment of Biomass Gasification Power Generation in the Pulp and Paper Industry. Final Report, Princeton University.
• Hongtao, Z., L. Zheng, N. Weidou, E.D. Larson, R. Tingjin. (2003). Case-study of a coal gasification-based energy supply system for China. Energy for Sustainable Development 7(4): 63-78.
• (2003). Transforming coal for sustainability: a strategy for China: Report by the Task Force on Energy Strategies and Technologies to the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development. Energy for Sustainable Development 7(4): 5-14.
• Williams, R.H. and E.D. Larson. (2003). A comparison of direct and indirect liquefaction technologies for making fluid fuels from coal. Energy for Sustainable Development 7(4): 103-129.
• Larson, E.D. and R. Tingjin. (2003). Synthetic fuel production by indirect coal liquefaction. Energy for Sustainable Development 7(4): 79-102.
• De Laquil, P., C. Wenying, and E.D. Larson. (2003). Modeling China’s energy future. Energy for Sustainable Development 7(4): 40-56.
• Williams, R.H.( 2003). Decarbonized fossil energy carriers and their energy technological competitors, pp. 119-135, in Proceedings of the Workshop on Carbon Capture and Storage of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, published by ECN (Energy Research Center of The Netherlands), 178 pp.
• Williams, R.H. (2003). Toward zero emissions for transportation using fossil fuels. pp. 63-103, in Proceedings of the VIII Biennial Asilomar Conference on Transportation, Energy, and Environmental Policy: Managing Transitions, K.S. Kurani and D. Sperling (eds.), Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 284 pp.

2002

• Larson, E.D., P. DeLaquil, Z. Wu, W. Chen, and P. Gao. (2002). Exploring Implications to 2050 of Energy-Technology Options for China. Prepared for 6th Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies Conference, Kyoto, Japan.
• Williams, R.H. (2002). Decarbonized Fossil Energy Carriers and Their Energy Technological Competitors. Prepared for the IPCC Workshop on Carbon Capture and Storage, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
• Kreutz, T.G., R.H. Williams, R.H. Socolow, P. Chiesa and G. Lozza. (2002). Production of Hydrogen and Electricity from Coal with CO2 Capture. Prepared for 6th Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies Conference, Kyoto, Japan.
• Ogden, J.M. (2002). Modeling Infrastructure for a Fossil Hydrogen Energy System with CO2 Sequestration. Prepared for 6th Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies Conference, Kyoto, Japan.
• Williams, R.H. (2002). Nuclear and alternative energy supply options for an environmentally constrained world: a long-term perspective, Chapter 6, pp. 85-122, in Nuclear Power and the Spread of Nuclear Weapons: Can We Have One Without the Other?, P. Leventhal, S. Tanzer, and S. Dolley, eds., Brassey’s, Washington, DC, 340 pp.

2001

• Williams, R.H. (2001). Addressing challenges to sustainable development with innovative energy technologies in a competitive electric industry. Energy for Sustainable Development 5(2): 48-73.
• Williams, R.H. (2001). Advanced energy supply technologies. World Energy Assessment, Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability, Ch. 8:273-329, United Nations Development Programme, New York.
• Li J., X. Zhuang, P. DeLaquil, and E.D. Larson. (2001). Biomass energy in China and its potential. Energy for Sustainable Development, 5(4):66-80.
• Zongxin, W., P. DeLaquil, E.D. Larson, C. Wenying, G. Pengfei. (2001). Future implications of China’s energy-technology choices: summary of a report to the Working Group on Energy Strategies and Technologies. Energy for Sustainable Development 5(4): 19-31.
• Williams, R.H. (2001). Nuclear and Alternative Energy Supply Options for an Environmentally Constrained World, A Long-Term Perspective. Prepared for the Nuclear Control Institute’s 20th Anniversary Conference “Nuclear Power and the Spread of Nuclear Weapons: Can We Have One Without the Other?
• Ogden, J. M. (2001). Review of Small Stationary Reformers for Hydrogen Production. Report to the International Energy Agency.
• Ogden, J. M., R.H. Williams and  E.D. Larson. (2001). Toward a Hydrogen-Based Transportation System.
• Payne, A., R. Duke, R.H. Williams. (2001). Accelerating residential PV expansion: supply analysis for competitive electricity markets. Energy Policy 29(10): 787-800.
• Williams, R.H. (2001). Toward zero emissions from coal in China. Energy for Sustainable Development 5(4): 39-65.
• Wu Z., P. DeLaquil, E.D. Larson,  W. Chen, and P. Gao. (2001). Future Implications of China’s Energy-Technology Choices. Prepared for the Working Group on Energy Strategies and Technologies (WGEST), China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED).
• Larson, E.D., R.H. Williams, M. Regis, L.V. Leal. (2001). A review of biomass integrated-gasifier/gas turbine combined cycle technology and its application in sugarcane industries, with an analysis for Cuba.” Energy for Sustainable Development 5(1): 54-76.

2000

• Henderick, P. and R.H. Williams. (2000). Trigeneration in a northern Chinese village using crop residues. Energy for Sustainable Development 4(3): 26-42.
• Azar, C. and E.D. Larson. (2000). Bioenergy and land-use competition in Northeast Brazil. Energy for Sustainable Development 4(3): 64-71.
• Kartha, S., T.G. Kreutz, R.H. Williams. (2000). Small-scale biomass fuel cell/gas turbine power systems for rural areas. Energy for Sustainable Development 4(1): 85-89.
• Kartha, S. and E.D. Larson. (2000). Bioenergy Primer: Modernized biomass Energy for Sustainable Development. United Nations Development Programme.
• Larson, E.D. and S. Kartha. (2000). Expanding roles for modernized biomass energy. Energy for Sustainable Development 4(3): 15-25.
• WEA Editorial Board. (2000). Overview: Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability—the World Energy Assessment, 28 pp., UN Development Programme, New York. [The Overview of the World Energy Assessment (WEA) is the collective responsibility of the 10 convening lead authors of WEA chapters (of which Williams is one), the Chair, the 5 Vice Chairs, and the 3 representatives of the establishing institutions.]
• Goldemberg, J. (Convening Lead Author), and A.K.N. Reddy, K. Smith, and R.H. Williams (Lead Authors). 2000). Rural energy for developing countries, Chapter 10, pp. 369 to 389, in Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability—the World Energy Assessment, 508 pages, UN Development Programme, New York.
• Williams, R.H. (Convening Lead Author). (2000). Advanced energy supply technologies, Chapter 8, pp. 274 to 329, in Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability—World Energy Assessment, 508 pages, UN Development Programme, New York.
• Energy for Sustainable Development in China. Report, Recommandations and Workplan of the Working Group on Energy Strategies and Technologies. July 2000.

1999

• Larson, E.D. and H. Jin. (1999). A Preliminary Assessment of Biomass Conversion to Fischer-Tropsch Cooking Fuels for Rural China. Prepared for Proceedings of the 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas, Elsevier Science, Ltd., Oxford, UK.
• Larson, E.D. and H. Jin. (1999). Biomass Conversion to Fischer-Tropsch Liquids: Preliminary Energy Balances. Prepared for Proceedings of the 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas, Elsevier Science Ltd., Oxford, UK.
• Ogden, J.M., M. Steinbugler, T.G. Kreutz. (1999). A comparison of hydrogen, methanol and gasoline as fuels for fuel cell vehicles: implications for vehicle design and infrastructure development. Journal of Power Sources 79(2): 143-168.
• Ogden, J.M. (1999). Developing an infrastructure for hydrogen vehicles: a Southern California case study. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 24(8): 709-730.
• Ogden, J.M. (1999). Prospect for building a hydrogen energy infrastructure. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment 24(1): 227-279.
• Williams, R.H. (1999). Hydrogen Production from Coal and Coal Bed Methane, Using Byproduct CO2 for Enhanced Methane Recovery and Sequestering the CO2 in the Coal Bed. Reprinted from Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, B. Eliasson, P. Riemer, and A. Wokaun, eds., Pergamon, Amsterdam.
• Williams, R.H. (1999). Toward Zero Emissions from Coal: Roles for Inorganic Membranes. Proceedings of Symposium: Toward Zero Emissions: The Challenge for Hydrocarbons. Eni Technology, Rome, Italy, pp. 212-242.

1998

• Blok, K., R.H. Williams, R.E. Katofsky, C.A. Hendricks. (1998). Hydrogen production from natural gas, sequestration of recovered CO2 in depleted gas wells and enhanced natural gas recovery. Energy 22(2-3): 161-168.
• Williams, R.H. (1998). Fuel decarbonization for fuel cell applications and sequestration of the separated CO₂. Chapter 6 (180-222) in Eco-restructuring: Implications for Sustainable Development, R.U. Ayres, ed., United Nations University Press, Tokyo.
• Kreutz, T.G.,  E.D. Larson and S. Consonni. (1998). Performance and Preliminary Economics of Black Liquor Gasification Combined Cycles for a Range of Kraft Pulp Mill Sizes. Prepared for the TAPPI International Chemical Recovery Conference, Tampa, Florida, June.
• Larson, E.D. (1998). Small-Scale Gasification-Based Biomass Power Generation. Prepared for the Biomass Workshop, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
• Ogden, J. M., T.G. Kreutz and M. Steinbugler. (1998). Fuels for Fuel Cell Vehicles: Vehicle Design and Infrastructure Issues. SAE International, Technical Paper Series 982500, International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition, San Francisco, California.
• Williams, R.H. (1998). A Technological Strategy for Making Fossil Fuels Environment- and Climate-Friendly. World Energy Council Journal, 59-67.
• Williams, R.H., and B. Wells. (1998). Solar-assisted hydrogen production from natural gas with low CO2 emissions, pp. 503-512, in Greenhouse Gas Mitigation: Technologies for Activities Implemented Jointly: Proceedings of the International Conference on Activities Implemented Jointly, May 26-29, 1997,Vancouver, British Columbia, P.W.F. Riemer, A.J. Smith, and K.V. Thambimuthu (eds.).

1997

• Larson, E.D., T.G. Kreutz and  S. Consonni. (1999). 99/00582 Biomass and black liquor gasifier gas turbine cogeneration at pulp and paper mills. Fuel and Energy Abstracts 40(1): 57.
• Larson, E.D. and D.R. Raymond. (1997). Report on the Workshop on Commercialization of Black Liquor and Biomass Gasification for Gas Turbine Applications in the Pulp and Paper Industry. Hosted by The Center for Energy and Environmental Studies, Princeton University.
• Larson, E.D. and D.R. Raymond. (1997). Commercializing Black Liquor and Biomass Gasifier/Gas Turbine Technology. TAPPI Journal, 80(12):50-57.
• Larson E.D. and S. Consonni. (1997). Performance of Black Liquor Gasifier/Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Cogeneration in the Kraft Pulp and Paper Industry. In Proceedings of the 3rd Biomass Conference of the Americas, R.P. Overend and E. Chornet, eds., 2:1495-1512, Elsevier/Pergamon.
• Ogden, J.M. (1997). Infrastructure for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles: A Southern California Case Study. Presented at the ’97 World Car Conference, Riverside, California.
• Ogden, J.M., M. Steinbugler, and T.G. Kreutz. (1997). Hydrogen as a Fuel for Fuel Cell Vehicles: A Technical and Economic Comparison. Presented at the National Hydrogen Association, 8th Annual Conference, Arlington, Virginia.
• Reddy, A.K.N., R.H. Williams, T.B. Johansson. (1997). Energy after Rio, Prospects and Challenges,United Nations Development Program, New York, NY,176 pp.

1996

• Larson, E.D., E. Worrell, and J.S. Chen. (1996). Clean fuels from municipal solid waste for fuel cell buses in metropolitan areas. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 17(4): 273-298.
• Ogden, J.M., A.D. Cox, J.W. White. (1996). Case Study of Developing a Hydrogen Vehicle Refueling Infrastructure in Southern California. Draft.
• Williams, R.H. and E.D. Larson. (1996). Biomass gasifier gas turbine power generating technology. Biomass and Bioenergy 10(2-3): 149-166.
• Johansson, T.B., R.H. Williams, H. Ishitani, and J.A. Edmonds. (1996). Options for reducing CO2 emissions from the energy supply sector. Energy Policy 24(10-11): 985-1003.
• Williams, R.H. (1996). The Need for Research on Modernised Biomass in the Global Energy Economy. Renewable Energy for Development, Stockholm Environment Institute Newsletter of the Energy, Environment & Development Programme 9(3-4).
• Marrison, C.I. and E.D. Larson. (1996). A preliminary analysis of the biomass energy production potential in Africa in 2025 considering projected land needs for food production. Biomass and Bioenergy 10(5-6): 337-351.
• Williams, R.H. (+ other lead authors). (1996). Chapter 19: Energy supply mitigation options, pp. 588-647, in Climate Change 1995 – Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses, R.T. Watson, M.C. Zinyowera, R.H. Moss, eds., Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, 879 pp.

1995

• Larson, E.D. and R.H. Williams. (1995). Biomass Plantation Energy Systems and Sustainable Development. In Energy as an Instrument for Socio-Economic Development, J. Goldemberg and T.B. Johansson, eds., 91-106.
• Williams, R.H. (1995). Variants of a Low CO2-Emitting Energy Supply System (LESS) for the World. Prepared for the IPCC Second Assessment Report, Working Group IIa, Energy Supply Mitigation Options, Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, Washington.
• Williams, R.H. (1995). The Prospects for Affordable Renewable Energy. Siemens Review, R&D Special, 15-19.
• Williams, R.H., E.D. Larson, R.E. Katofsky, and J. Chen. (1995). Methanol and hydrogen from biomass for transportation. Energy for Sustainable Development 1(5): 18-34.
• Larson, E.D., C.I. Marrison, and  R.H. Williams. (1995). CO2 Mitigation Potential of Biomass Energy Plantations in Developing Regions. PU/CEES Working Paper No. 138.
• Marrison, C.I. and E.D. Larson (1995). Cost versus Scale for Advanced Plantation-Based Biomass Energy Systems in the U.S.A. and Brazil. In Proceedings of the Second Biomass Conference of the Americas: Energy, Environment, Agriculture, and Industry, 1272-1290, NREL, Golden, Colorado.
• Marrison, C.I. and E.D. Larson. (1995). Cost versus Scale for Advanced Plantation-Based Biomass Energy Systems in the U.S.A. U.S. EPA Symposium on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Research Washington, DC.

1994

• Larson, E.D., L.C. Rodriguez, and T.R. de Azevedo. (1994). Farm Forestry in Brazil. Prepared for BioResources ’94 Biomass Resources: a means to sustainable development, Bangalore, India.
• Larson, E.D. Summary Report on Visit to Cuba.
• Ogden, J.  and M. Steinbugler. (1994). Notes on the meeting: The Fuel Cell for the Next Generation Vehicle. Vice President Gore’s Automotive Technology Symposium #2, White House Conference Center, Washington, DC.
• Williams, R.H., Roles for Biomass Energy in Sustainable Development . Industrial Ecology and Global Change, R. Socolow, C. Andrews, F. Berkhout, and V. Thomas, eds. Chapter 14, 199-225.
• Goldemberg, J., T.B. Johansson, A.K.N. Reddy and R.H. Williams. (1994). Energy efficiency from the perspective of developing countries. Energy for Sustainable Development 1(2): 28-34.
• Larson, E.D. and A. Subbiah (1994). The technology menu for efficient energy use in India. Energy for Sustainable Development 1(1): 36-38.
• Williams, R.H. (1994). Roles for biomass energy in sustainable development. pp. 199-225, in Industrial Ecology and Global Change, R.H. Socolow et al. (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Before 1994

• Carpentieri, A.E., E.D. Larson, and J. Woods. (1993). Future biomass-based electricity supply in Northeast Brazil. Biomass and Bioenergy 4(3): 149-173.
• Larson, E.D. (1993). Technology for Electricity and Fuels from Biomass. Annual Review of Energy & Environment, 18:567-630, Annual Reviews Inc., 1993.
• Ogden, J. M. (1993). Renewable Hydrogen Energy System Studies. Submitted to the NREL, Golden, Colorado.
• Johansson, T.B., H. Kelly, A.K.N. Reddy, and R.H. Williams. (1993). A renewables intensive global energy scenario, pp. 1071 1142, in Renewable Energy: Sources for Fuels and Electricity.
• Hall, D.O., F. Rosillo-Calle, R.H. Williams, and J. Woods. (1993). Biomass for energy: supply prospects, pp. 593-652, in Renewable Energy: Sources for Fuels & Electricity.
• Williams, R.H., and E.D. Larson. (1993). Advanced gasification-based biomass power generation, pp. 729-785, in Renewable Energy: Sources for Fuels and Electricity.
• Johansson, T.B., H. Kelly, A.K.N. Reddy, and R.H. Williams.(1993). Renewable fuels and electricity for a growing world economy, pp. 172, in Renewable Energy: Sources for Fuels and Electricity.
• Williams, R.H. (1992). Powering the future. EPA Journal, Post-Rio: The Challenge at Home, 18(4):15-18, United States EPA, September/October.
• Williams, R.H. (1992). The Potential for Reducing CO2 Emissions with Modern Energy Technology: An Illustrative Scenario for the Power Sector in China. Science & Global Security, 3:1-42, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers S.A., USA.
• Fengqi, Z. Comments on The Potential for Reducing CO2 Emissions in China with Modern Technology. Science & Global Security, 3:43-47, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers S.A., United States of America, 1992.
• Blok, K., C.A. Hendriks, W.C. Turkenburg and R.H. Williams. (1991). Producing Fuel and Electricity from Coal with Low Carbon Dioxide Emissions.
• Ogden,J. M., M. Fulmer. (1990). Assesment of New Technologies for Co-Production of Alcohol, Sugar and Electricity from Sugar Cane. PU/CEES Report No. 250.
• Ogden, J.M., S. Hochgreb and M. Hylton, (1990). Steam Economy and Cogeneration in Sugar Cane Factories. International Sugar Journal.
• Weinberg, C., and R.H. Williams. (1990). Energy from the Sun. Scientific American, 263, (3):146-155
• Fulmer, M. (1991). Electricity-Ethanol Co-Production From Sugar Cane: A Technical and Economic Assessment. PU/CEES Report No. 258
• Larson, E.D., R.H. Williams, J.M. Ogden, and M.G. HyltonIn. (1991). Biomass-Gasifier Steam-Injected Gas Turbine Cogeneration for the Cane Sugar Industry. Energy from Biomass and Wastes XIV, D.L. Klass, ed., Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, Illinois.
• Larson, E.D., (1991). Trends in the Consumption of Energy-Intensive Basic Materials in Industrialized Countries and Implications for Developing Regions. Prepared for ESETT ’9: The International Symposium on Environmentally Sound Energy Technologies and their Transfer to Developing Countries and European Economies in Transition, Milan, Italy.
• Ogden, J.M. (1991). Cost and performance sensitivity studies for solar photovoltaic/electrolytic hydrogen systems. Solar Cells 30(1-4): 515-523.
• Hall, D.O., H.E. Mynick, and R.H. Williams. (1991). Cooling the greenhouse with bioenergy. Nature 353(6339): 11-12.
• Ogden, J.M., R.H. Williams, and M.E. Fulmer. (1990). Cogeneration Applications of Biomass gasifier/Gas Turbine Technologies in the Cane Sugar and Alcohol Industries. Prepared for the session on Industrial Processes and Materials Manufacture at the Conference on Energy and Environment in the 21st Century, MIT Cambridge.
• Ogden, J. M. and R.H. Williams. (1990). Electrolytic hydrogen from thin-film solar cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 15(3): 155-169.
• Ogden, J. M., S. Hochgreb, and M. Hylton. (1989). Process Energy Efficiency and Cogeneration in Cane Sugar Factories. Proceedings of the Twentieth Congress of the International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
• Ogden, J.M., S. Hochgreb, M. Hylton. Steam Economy and Cogeneration in Cane Sugar Factories. Proceeding/Memorias Vol. 1, Inter-American Sugar Cane Seminars.
• Williams, R.H., E.D. Larson, and M.H. Ross. (1987). Materials, Affluence, and Industrial Energy Use. Annual Review of Energy 12(1): 99-144.
• Goldemberg, J., T.B. Johansson, A.K.N.Reddy, and R.H. Williams. (1985). Basic Needs and Much More with One Kilowatt per Capita. Ambio 14(4/5): 190-200.
• Johansson, T.B., H. Kelly, A.K.N. Reddy, and R.H. Williams, eds. (1993). Renewable Energy: Sources for Fuels and Electricity, Island Press, Wash., DC, 1160 pp.
• Ogden, J.M., and R.H. Williams. (1989). Solar Hydrogen: Moving Beyond Fossil Fuels, World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.
• Johansson, T.B., B. Bodlund, and R.H. Williams, eds. (1989). Electricity: Efficient End-Use and New Generation Technologies, and Their Planning Implications, Lund University Press, Lund, Sweden, 960 pp.
• Goldemberg, J., T.B. Johansson, A.K.N. Reddy, and R.H. Williams. (1988). Energy for a Sustainable World, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 517 pp.
• Goldemberg, J., T.B. Johansson, A.K.N. Reddy, and R.H. Williams. (1987). Energy for Development, World Resources Institute, 73 pp.
• Goldemberg, J., T.B. Johansson, A.K.N. Reddy, and R.H. Williams. (1987). Energy for a Sustainable World, World Resources Institute, 119 pp.
• Ross, M.H., and R.H. Williams. (1981). Our Energy: Regaining Control, McGraw Hill.
• Williams, R.H., ed. (1978). Toward a Solar Civilization, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
• Williams, R.H., ed. (1975). The Energy Conservation Papers, a collection of special reports of the Energy Policy Project of the Ford Foundation, Ballinger, Cambridge.
• EPP Staff (including Williams). (1974). A Time to Choose: America’s Energy Future, the Final Report of the Energy Policy Project (EPP) of the Ford Foundation, Ballinger, Cambridge.